Behind the hottest hydrogen energy boom, the cost

Behind the hydrogen energy boom: the cost of central enterprises as "pioneers" is a constraint

the Spring Festival in the past has been very lively, and "wandering the earth" broke out, and the ubiquitous "hydrogen" has become an important element in this "science fiction pioneer film". The story of wandering the earth is set in 2075, when hydrogen energy has been widely used in transportation, industry, chemical industry, construction and many other fields. At the beginning of the movie, when he was young, Liu Qiwen asked his father Liu Peiqiang, who was about to go to the navigator's space, "Dad, what is hydrogen?" The answer was "hydrogen is the fuel for Dad to drive a big rocket"

in addition to films, in the A-share market, in the first week after the Spring Festival, the performance of the fuel cell sector was eye-catching, and the share prices of some stocks have doubled in a short time; In terms of industry, 11 provinces and cities across the country have successively issued hydrogen energy industry plans, and a trend of hydrogen energy in China, with central enterprises as the "pioneer", is coming

if coal enterprises want to take a share of the "trend" of hydrogen energy, they should start from the establishment of China's hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry innovation strategic alliance led by the national energy group one year ago. In February, 2018, the alliance was established by more than 10 enterprises. As the initiator, national energy group is not only the first chairman unit, but also the general manager Ling Wen

the daily economy learned from the interview that xuguanhua, former Minister of the Ministry of science and technology, presided over no less than six meetings for the preparation of the hydrogen energy alliance. The preparation alone took one year. FAW, ERW, Weichai, Shandong heavy industry, Tongji University, steel and Metallurgical Group, Nonferrous Metal Research Institute, etc. joined the alliance, and the director of the committee is xuguanhua

this reminds us of another scene eight years ago

on August 18, 2010, promoted and advocated by the state owned assets supervision and Administration Commission, the heads of 16 central enterprises (state power, Nanfang power, PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, Dongfang Electric, CSR, Chang'an Automobile, etc.) sat side by side in front of a 20 meter long red table and completed the signing of the articles of association of the central enterprise electric vehicle industry alliance. These 16 central enterprises are divided into three groups, covering the whole vehicle and electric drive, and the forces borne by wood flour with different particle sizes of batteries in the crushing process are different, as well as the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of energy power supply and infrastructure services

slightly different from the "central enterprise electric vehicle industry alliance", the "China hydrogen energy alliance" chose a central enterprise to replace the competent department as the leader, and the membership attribute it absorbed is no longer limited to the scope of central enterprises, with the participation of scientific research institutions and investment institutions

the main positioning of "China hydrogen energy alliance" is to provide top-level design for the country to formulate the development strategy and implementation route of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, support the technological innovation of alliance member enterprises, promote the application demonstration of the whole industrial chain, create technologies for participating in the manufacturing of hydrogen energy fuel cell equipment, assist in building a hydrogen energy society and make plans

"from hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, hydrogenation, to fuel cells, to battery power conversion system, to vehicles, this is a new set of supporting system engineering, with long plant lines and large investment, which can not be borne by a single enterprise." Chaimaorong, technical director of the State Power Investment Group Hydrogen Energy Technology Development Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the daily economy

taking hydrogen production as an example, industrial hydrogen production routes mainly include water electrolysis hydrogen production, coal gasification hydrogen production, natural gas hydrogen production, biomass gasification hydrogen production, renewable energy hydrogen production, etc. Based on the energy endowment and current situation of energy utilization in China, hydrogen production from coal gasification and renewable energy have broad prospects. Among them, hydrogen production from coal gasification is the most popular

the so-called hydrogen production from coal refers to converting coal into gaseous products through gasification technology, and extracting high-purity hydrogen through separation and treatment. In China, hydrogen production from coal has been used for a long time. According to the statistics of China coal to hydrogen annual report 2018 issued by Asia Chemical consulting, since 2010, there have been 6 new large-scale coal/petroleum coke hydrogen production projects in China, and the total scale of coal to hydrogen production is about 805000 standard cubic meters/hour. There are also 15 refining and chemical integration projects under construction, of which 11 are determined to adopt coal gasification hydrogen production process

all these are inherent advantages of central coal enterprises. It is noted that in the past year, many coal enterprises such as Tongmei, Jinmei and Yankuang have participated in it in different ways

yuanfengzhen, President of the Coal Chemical Industry Research Institute of Jinmei group, once emphasized the motivation of doing hydrogen energy in an interview with the media. He said, "at present, we are in the acceleration period of 'secondary transformation', and we urgently need advanced technology and emerging industries to promote enterprises to move forward to higher quality. The development of hydrogen energy is an effective way for clean and efficient utilization of coal"

central enterprises play a leading role

although hydrogen has power density advantages over other energy sources in theory, Benxi Iron and Steel Group will also launch the world's first high-strength hot stamping. These materials can be ordered on formed steel phs2000, and the construction cost is low when used for power generation, but this only considers the mode of using hydrogen energy in power generation. The large-scale promotion and use of hydrogen energy cannot be separated from the distributed use scenario. When the application scenario changes, the influencing factors that need to be considered in the use of hydrogen energy become more complex

according to the Research Report of Cinda securities, taking the hydrogen energy fuel cell vehicle as an example, the application of hydrogen energy should consider the purchase cost, maintenance cost, consumption cost and facility cost. Under comprehensive consideration, in the distributed application scenario, the comprehensive cost of hydrogen energy application is very high. According to the calculation, the comprehensive cost of a hydrogen fueled vehicle is 0.24 euro/km, but the comprehensive cost of a diesel vehicle and a pure electric vehicle is 0.15 euro/km and 0.12 euro/km respectively

more importantly, because of the equipment and technical requirements, the construction and operation cost of hydrogen refueling stations is much higher than that of gas stations and charging stations. At present, the number of hydrogen refueling stations is not enough to fully meet the needs of commercial applications. The widespread use of gasoline and electricity is based on the coverage of gas stations and electricity, and the large-scale use of hydrogen energy should also be based on the coverage of hydrogen refueling stations. According to the data of China Automobile Association, the total sales of fuel cell vehicles in China in 2018 was 1527, and there were only 9 hydrogen refueling stations in China

"there are also complicated procedures. It is not easy to get the 'birth permit' of the hydrogen refueling station. In the process of building this hydrogen refueling station, there are too many procedures. An application needs to run several departments and cover several chapters. It will take at least half a year to complete the whole approval process of building a hydrogen refueling station, and it may even not be capped." The head of the hydrogenation station once "roast" like this

insiders of the national energy group revealed that the central enterprises have been moving for a long time, but the external news is relatively lagging. This sentence also confirms the problem of the approval process from the side

"the whole hydrogen fuel cell is developed from the national level and from the perspective of energy, with the purpose of opening up the whole fuel cell industry chain. Even if we invest 10 billion or 100 billion, we can afford it. As part of the transformation and upgrading of national energy strategy, the entry of Central enterprises is the right way." Chaimaorong said it most directly

in his view, Japan is the country that is most committed to hydrogen energy in the world. It has developed for more than 20 years so far, and has invested at least tens of thousands of yuan. Only then can there be a relatively mature hydrogen energy market, and only then can Japanese car companies successively realize the mass production of hydrogen fueled vehicles. This is really not what a single small and medium-sized enterprise can do

it can complete the experiments of pipe ring stiffness, ring flexibility, flattening, zigzag, weld stretching and other experiments for its own positioning. Ling Wen once said: "we will never compete with any ally to seize the market. We will silently do infrastructure and services, such as hydrogen production, hydrogen supply, hydrogen storage, and a lot of early investment. We are willing to do such things, and we also have such advantages."

"this may be the national level. In the early stage of an industry, it is hoped that central enterprises can take the lead. Just like electric vehicles, which initially required the construction of charging piles, at that time, the country and the South were also allowed to bear the main force. The continuous investment was still at a loss, which was once criticized by the outside world. Later, with the increasing number of electric vehicles, it was gradually liberalized to attract private capital to invest in the construction of charging piles, and now it may also follow the path and ideas of that time.". Other insiders concluded to